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Rail is one of the most important bearing parts of railway system. The traction and braking of trains are realized by the friction between wheels and rail. Therefore, a good rail condition is the prerequisite to ensure the safe and smooth running of trains. However, due to the alternating contact stresses, the rail material often suffers from wear or fatigue damage. As shown in Figure 1, the main types of rail damage include: fatigue crack, peeling, corrugation wear, crushing and rail side wear, which account for more than 80% of all rail damages. With the increase of train running speed and axle load, the rail fatigue and wear problems become increasingly serious, which causes the demands for rail grinding technologies sharply increased.

On September 27, 2024, the Fashan brand carried out a crucial construction operation at the Wuchang Bridge Work Section's Wu Dong Station yard. The main task of this construction was to perform a small machine grinding operation on a 1/12 single-opening switch, ensuring the safety and stability of the railway switch.

High reliability and low burnishing of heavy-haul rails are prerequisites for ensuring the high efficiency of collection and distribution, as well as the operational reliability of heavy-haul railways. However, there are few reports on the research of the grinding behavior mechanism of heavy-haul rails currently. 

Railway turnouts, as a crucial part of the railway line, are directly related to the safety and smoothness of train operation. Common railway turnout diseases include those caused by assembly and laying, operation, and maintenance issues.