Hanyar Nika Ayyukan Aiki na Dutse

Hanyar Nika Ayyukan Aiki na Dutse

Mafi mahimmancin al'amari na tsarin ci gaban dutsen niƙa ya ta'allaka ne wajen kimantawa da tabbatar da aikin sa (ciki har da girma da daidaito, ma'auni mai ƙarfi / a tsaye, ƙarfin juyawa, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, aikin niƙa, da sauransu), don haka yana jagorantar ingantaccen ƙira na ƙira, tsari, da tsari. Daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan, aikin niƙa na dutsen niƙa yana aiki a matsayin wakilci mai ma'ana na ingancin aikinsa, yana samun kulawa mai mahimmanci daga masu bincike. A halin yanzu, ana iya rarraba kayan aikin tabbatarwa na aikin dutse zuwa nau'ikan guda shida dangane da bambance-bambance a cikin nau'ikan aikin dangi tsakanin dutsen niƙa da dogo: 1) nau'in injin niƙa na gargajiya; 2) nau'in layin dogo na tsaye; 3) nau'in ciyarwar layin dogo; 4) madauwari dogo a kwance nau'in ciyarwar rotary; 5) tsayin daka na niƙa mai saurin dogo; da 6) ainihin layin gwajin niƙa na dogo.

(1) Nau'in Niƙa na Al'ada. Uhlmann et al. [1] yayi bincike game da tasirin niƙa akan ingancin saman (taurin, roughness, farin Layer kauri) na dogo ta amfani da injin injin da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1. Wu et al. [2] ya tabbatar da cewa dutsen niƙa da aka ratse yana haɓaka ingancin layin dogo bayan niƙa ta amfani da na'urar makamancin haka. Irin wannan gwajin niƙa yana da saurin layin dutse mai niƙa (har zuwa 30-50 m / s) amma ƙarancin abinci (8-16 m / min) [2]; lokaci guda, da nika matsa lamba ne ba daidaitacce. Saboda haka, wannan mai gwadawa ba zai iya kwaikwayi ainihin ayyukan niƙa na dogo ba kuma zai iya ba da maƙasudi kawai don nazarin halayen ƙafafun niƙa.

Hoto1Injin gwajin niƙa saman ƙasa[1]

(2) Nau'in Jirgin Ruwa na Tsaye. Dangane da yanayin aikin filin niƙa don niƙan dogo, malamai da yawa sun haɗa motar zuwa dutsen niƙa kuma sun yi amfani da ƙarshen fuskar dutsen niƙa don niƙa aikin aikin dogo. Kanematsu et al. [3] sun tabbatar da aikin niƙa na niƙa daban-daban ta amfani da gwajin niƙa na dogo da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Gu et al. [4] gyaggyara mai gwajin niƙa tare da irin wannan tsari ta amfani da gwajin gwaji don yin nazarin aikin niƙa na niƙa tare da girman hatsi iri-iri. Irin wannan na'ura na gwaji na iya mafi kyawun kwatanta saurin jujjuyawar dutsen niƙa, matsa lamba, da sauran sigogi amma ba zai iya cimma motsin ciyarwar niƙa ba. Tsawon nika na yankin layin dogo na gida zai ɗaga yanayin yanayin mu'amala saboda zafin niƙa, wanda zai haifar da lalatar duwatsun niƙa da aka haɗa da guduro a babban yanayin zafi da rage ƙarfin riƙewa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi mai niƙa, dogo yana da wuyar konewa. Sabili da haka, aikin gwaji na irin wannan nau'in na'ura na gwaji dole ne yayi la'akari da tsangwama na yawan zafin jiki a kan sakamakon gwaji.

Hoto2Toshe Mai Kafaffen Niƙa Mai gwadawa[3]

(3) Nau'in ciyarwar dogo na layi. Don magance matsalar ciyarwar dogo a injin gwajin niƙa na jirgin ƙasa na Gu et al. [4], Zhou Kun [80] ya yi amfani da tarkace da pinion don fitar da titunan mashaya, yana ba da damar ciyar da layin dogo mai layi daya daga 1.6 zuwa 4.0 km / h, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 3. An kuma yi amfani da injin gwajin don nazarin sigogi daban-daban na niƙa (matsa lamba [5], ƙimar ciyarwa [6]) da kuma taurin ƙafa. Huang Guigang [8] ya gyara babban tsarin BM2015 gantry planer don haɓaka mai gwada gwajin niƙa na dogo a tsaye, wanda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 4. Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da 60 kg/m ma'aunin dogo a kan wurin, tare da saurin ciyarwa na 0.3 ~ 4.5 km / h, kuma zai iya cimma niƙa na ± 50. Na'urorin sun yi nasarar tabbatar da aikin nika na injin nika na CBN. The dogo aiki nika aiki gudun jeri daga 3 ~ 24 km / h, yayin da gudun kwaikwaya da irin wannan dogo nika kayan aiki ne m, iyakance ta gwaji iya aiki.

Hoto3Mai gwada Ciyarwar Rail ɗin Rail a kwance [5,6,7]

Hoto4Mai gwada Ciyarwar Rail Rail A tsaye[8]

(4) Nau'in Ciyarwar Rail Horizontal Rotary Rotary. Kwalejin Kimiyyar Jiragen kasa ta kasar Sin [9], Jami'ar Nanjing ta Aeronautics da Astronautics [10,11], da Kuffa et al. na Switzerland [12] ya ba da rahoton wani ma'aunin gwajin jujjuyawar ciyarwar dogo na madauwari, wanda aka nuna a hoto na 5. A cikin wannan ma'aikacin, ana sarrafa dogo a cikin diski kuma an shirya su a kwance; faifan dogo na iya juyawa a kwance a ƙarƙashin aikin injin tuƙi don daidaita saurin ciyarwar motar niƙa. Kayan aikin da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Jiragen Ruwa ta kasar Sin ta kera na dauke da diamita na faifan jirgin kasa da ya kai kimanin mita 1.6, da fadin bel na nika na mm 10, da matsakaicin saurin nika na 10.8 km/h [9]. Dangane da tasirin niƙa na wannan kayan aikin gwaji, yana ba da tallafin bayanai don haɓaka yanayin oda don ƙafafun niƙa mai aiki [9,13,14]. Irin wannan kayan aiki sananne ne a fagen aikin niƙa na dogo.

Hoto5Gwajin Ciyarwar Juyawar Juyin Juya Juya Juyi ta Juyi Mai Sauƙi[19]

(5) Gwajin Nika Mai Saurin Rail. Wang Hengyu ta tawagar a Southwest Jiaotong University [15,16] tsara wani m high-gudun dogo nika ma'aikacin iya simulating a matsakaicin nika gudun har zuwa 60 ~ 80 km / h, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 6. Bugu da ƙari, Farfesa Zou Wenjun ta tawagar a Henan University of Technology [17,18] , rail gwajin ƙera wani high-gudun nika na gwaji. dabaran diski an shirya shi a tsaye, kuma kayan aikin na iya daidaita motsin dutsen niƙa da matsa lamba. A m diamita na dogo ne 150 mm, da kuma ƙayyadaddun na nika dutse ne Φ80 × 10 × 10 mm, iya simulating a kan-site nika gudu na 60 ~ 80 km / h da nika matsa lamba na 1200 ~ 3200 N. The nika matsa lamba na nika dutse za a iya gyara zuwa matsakaicin matsa lamba na nika 8 km / 0 gudun matsa lamba na nika 8 km. 3200 N. Wannan nau'in na'ura na gwaji yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jagorancin ci gaban manyan duwatsu masu niƙa.

Hoto6benci mai niƙa mai saurin gaske[13]

Hoto7benci na gwajin rage saurin niƙa[16]

(6) Layin Gwajin Niƙa na Gaskiya na Rail. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, masana'antar Golden Eagle Heavy Industry ta fara haɓakawa da ƙirar ƙirar manyan motocin niƙa na dogo tare da kafa cibiyar gwajin niƙa ta dogo a birnin Yujiahu na birnin Xiangyang na lardin Hubei. Hoto na 8 yana nuna motar niƙa mai sauri, wacce za a iya sanye ta da ƙafafun niƙa 24 (12 a kowane gefe), tana aiki da saurin niƙa wanda ya wuce 60 km / h [15]. Yanayin aiki da yanayin abin hawa na iya yin daidai da na niƙan dogo mai sauri, yana ba da damar tabbatar da aikin yankan dutsen. A lokaci guda, abin hawa yana sanye da duwatsu masu yawa na niƙa, yana ba da izinin tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na aikin samar da dutse. Don haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin kafa ingantaccen tsarin kimantawa, ƙima na gaba da tabbatar da aikin injin niƙa ta wannan motar niƙa tana riƙe ƙimar jagora mai iko.

Hoto8Gwajin layi na gaske na niƙa mota[13]

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