Nā Poino o ke Kaʻa Maʻamau

ʻO ke kaʻaahi kekahi o nā ʻāpana halihali koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka traction a me ka braking o nā kaʻaahi e ka hakakā ma waena o nā huila a me ke kaʻaahi. No laila, ʻo ke kūlana kaʻaahi maikaʻi ka mea e pono ai e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maʻalahi o ka holo ʻana o nā kaʻaahi. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana, pilikia pinepine ka mea hao i ka ʻaʻahu a i ʻole ka luhi luhi. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, ʻo nā ʻano nui o ka pōʻino o ke kaʻaahi: ʻo ka māwae luhi, ka ʻili ʻana, ka ʻaʻahu corrugation, ka ʻokiʻoki a me ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻaahi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 80% o nā pohō āpau. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka wikiwiki holo kaʻaahi a me ka ukana axle, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka luhi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pilikia, kahi e piʻi nui ai nā koi no nā ʻenehana wili kaʻa.

1. Rolling contact fatigue crack.ʻO ka pōʻino maʻamau o ke kaʻaahi holo kaʻa holo kiʻekiʻe [1], e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 2. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā māwae i lalo, akā e hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻili o ke kaʻaahi i loko o kahi arc e hana i ke ʻano o ka ʻili ʻana o ke kaʻaahi, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 2 ʻO ka ʻili o luna o ke kaʻa ua kaumaha ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ʻili ʻana o ka huila. ka haalulu a me ka walaau. I kekahi hihia, hiki i ka māhā o ka lālā i ka lua ʻili ke hoʻonui ma lalo o ke kaʻaahi a alakaʻi i ka haʻihaʻi o ke kaʻaahi, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā pōʻino palekana nui [2].

2. Kaʻaʻahu corrugation lole. ʻO ka lole corrugation kaʻa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka wā ma luna o ke kaʻaahi i loko o kahi ākea longitudinal [3, 4], e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Figure 3. ʻO ka ʻaʻahu corrugation e hoʻonui i ka haʻalulu a me ka walaʻau o ke kaʻaahi, pili i ka hōʻoluʻolu holo, a hoʻemi i ke ola luhi o nā locomotive a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa. E like me ka nalu o ka corrugation lole, ua maheleia i ka pōkole-nalu (hawewe 25 ~ 80 mm) a me ka lōʻihi-nale (hawewe lōʻihi ma mua o 100 mm) corrugation. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka corrugation e pili ana i nā manaʻo hoʻoikaika a me ka ʻole. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka manaʻo ikaika e alakaʻi ana ka ʻōnaehana huila i ka corrugation, e komo pū ana me ka haʻalulu hoihoi, resonance a me ka vibration pane [5]. ʻO ka manaʻo non-dynamic e pili ana ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka corrugation i nā mea hao a me ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, etc.; a inā paʻa mau ka huila huila, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kaʻaahi ma muli o kona kahe ʻole ʻana o ka plastic [6,7].

3. Kaʻaahi kaʻaahi.ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana o ke kaʻa kaʻa ka mea i ʻike ʻia ka deformation plastic a me ka hehi ʻana o ke kaʻaahi, ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ma nā alahao ma ka ʻāpana curved o ke kaʻaahi kaumaha [8], e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 4. Hoʻololi ke kaʻa kaʻa i ke ʻano o ke poʻo o ke kaʻaahi, hoʻololi ʻia ka ikaika huila huila a ʻaʻole hoʻi ka holo ʻana. Eia kekahi, hui pinepine ʻia ka ʻūhā ʻana o ke kaʻaahi me ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ka pohō luhi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka palena kūpaʻa ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona e noʻonoʻo ai inā hiki mai ka pōʻino i loko o ke kaʻaahi, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palena o nā mea hiki ke pale a hōʻemi paha i kēia ʻano pōʻino.

4. ʻAʻahu ʻaoʻao kaʻaahi.ʻO ka ʻaʻahu ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻaahi ka ʻano pōʻino nui o ke kaʻaahi me nā ʻāpana radius liʻiliʻi [9], e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 5. Ma ke kaʻaahi Kina, 98% o ke kaʻaahi radius curve liʻiliʻi i ʻoki ʻia no ka nui o ka ʻaoʻao. Ke komo ka locomotive a me ke kaʻa i ka ʻāpana pihi, neʻe ke kaʻaahi i mua ma muli o ka inertia, akā hoʻoikaika ke ala i ke kino kaʻaahi e huli. I kēia hihia, e hoʻopili nā huila i ke kaʻaahi a e kū mai ka ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, inā ʻaʻole kaulike ka ikaika centrifugal a me ka ikaika centripetal o ke kaʻaahi, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ukana o ke kaʻa o loko a me waho, kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i ka ʻaʻahu ʻaoʻao [10, 11]. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka ʻaʻahu o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻopōkole i ke ola lawelawe o ke kaʻaahi, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻaahi e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huila a me ke kaʻaahi, e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa o ke kaʻaahi e hele ana i ka pihi.

Fig. 1 Nā māwae luhi.

Fig. 2 Kaʻili kaʻaahi.

Fig. 3 Kaʻaʻahu corrugation lole.

Fig. 4 Ka uhai kaa.

Fig. 5 Aahu aoao kaaahi.

Nā kuhikuhi

1. K. Zhou. Noiʻi e pili ana i nā lula a me nā ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i nā mea i ka wā o ka wili kaʻaahi [D]. Chengdu: Ke kākelē laeoʻo o ke Kulanui o Southwest Jiaotong, 2020.
2. X. Zhao, ZL Li. He hoʻonā ʻeleʻele hope ʻekolu-dimensional o ka huila huila-kaʻa huila huila i loko o ka elasto-plasticity [J]. Nā Kaʻina Hana o ka ʻOihana o nā ʻenehana Mechanical, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2015, 229 (1): 86-100.
3. W. Zhong, J. Hu, P. Shen, et al. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma waena o ka luhi pili kaʻa a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana o ke ala kaʻa holo wikiwiki a me ke kaumaha a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea hao [J]. Wear, 2011, 271(9-10): 2485-2493.
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5. ʻO Y. Gu. E aʻo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kaʻaahi ma luna o ke ala kaʻa holo wikiwiki ʻole [D]. Pekina: Ka palapala kākelē laeoʻo o Beijing Jiaotong University, 2017.
6. X. Jin, X. Li, W. Li, et al. Ka nānā 'ana i ka holomua o ka rail corrugation [J]. Nūpepa o Southwest Jiaotong University, 2016, 51 (2-3): 264-273.
7. S. Li, D. Liu, P. Liu, et al. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Corrugation a me ka microstructure evolution o ke kila kila U75V [J]. Nūpepa o Dalian Jiaotong University, 2019, 40(5): 66-71.
8. Z. Li, Z. Yan, S. Li. Ka hopena o ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa i ka hana ikaika o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa-turnout kiʻekiʻe [J]. Nūpepa o Central South University (Science and Technology), 2003, 25 (1): 104-108.
9. W. Wang, H. Guo, X. Du, et al. Ke noiʻi ʻana i ke ʻano hana pōʻino a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaʻa kaʻa hao kaumaha [J]. 'Enekinia hāʻule 'ana Ikepili, 2013, 35: 206-218.
10. Y. Zhou, S. Wang, T. Wang, et al. Ke kahua a me ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no ka pilina ma waena o ka nānā ʻana i ke poʻo o ke kaʻaahi a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i ke ala kaʻa haul kaumaha [J]. Wear, 2014, 315(1-2): 68-77.
11. I. Povilaitiene, I. Kamaitis, I. Podagelis. Ka hopena o ka laula ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻaahi ma nā ʻāpana ala [J]. Ka Nūpepa o ka 'enekinia a me ka hooponopono ana, 2006, 12(3): 255-260.
12. W. Zhai, J. Gao, P. Liu, et al. Hoʻemi i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻaahi ma nā pihi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaumaha ma muli o ka huila huila hoʻoikaika kino [J]. Hoʻoikaika Pūnaehana Kaʻa, 2014, 52(sup1): 440-454.