ʻO nā ʻano wili hoʻololi ponoʻī o ka wili kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā neʻe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

ʻO nā ʻano wili hoʻololi ponoʻī o ke kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hui sliding-rolling i kālele ʻia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana wili a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili. ʻO nā ala kaʻa holo kiʻekiʻe, i hōʻike ʻia e ka wikiwiki hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ukana axle māmā, e ʻeha pinepine i ka luhi hoʻopili ʻana [1], kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka spalling surface [2-4], nā māwae luhi [5,6], a me nā haʻihaʻi [7,8]. Pono kēia mau pilikia e mālama pono i ka manawapalekana a hilinaʻi hoʻi ka hana ʻana o nā ʻupena kaʻaahi. ʻO nā ʻenehana wili kaʻa kuʻuna e manaʻo e hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema hohonu akā e hopena pinepine i nā hemahema, nā manawa mālama lōʻihi, a me nā pōʻino wela. Ua puka mai ka wili kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (HSG) ma ke ʻano he koho kūpono, e hāʻawi ana i nā wikiwiki wili kiʻekiʻe (60-80 km/h) a hoʻemi ʻia "nā puka makani mālama." ʻAʻole e like me ka wili maʻamau, hana ʻo HSG ma o nā neʻe sliding-rolling composite neʻe, i alakaʻi ʻia e nā mana frictional ma waena o nā huila wili (GWs) a me ka ʻili o ke kaʻaahi [9]. Hiki i kēia ʻano hana ʻokoʻa ke hoʻoneʻe i nā mea a me ka abrasive ponoʻī. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻimi ʻia o ka pilina ma waena o nā neʻe heʻe a me ka ʻōwili ʻana, e kaupalena ana i ka hiki o HSG no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaʻaahi. Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi pahu hoʻāʻo HSG i hana ʻia i ka home e hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana wili ma ka pūnaewele. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma lalo o nā kihi pili like ʻole (30 °, 45 °, a me 60 °) a me nā ukana wili (500 N, 700 N, a me 900 N) [10, 11].

1. Ka lakio o Slide-roll.Hōʻike nā hopena i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā neʻe hui ʻana o ka sliding-rolling composite i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka hana wili. ʻO ka lākiō sliding-rolling (SRR), i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ka ratio o ka māmā holo ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka holo ʻana, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Fig.1, ua hoʻonui ʻia me ka ʻaoʻao pili a me ka ukana wili, i ʻike ʻia i nā loli i ka neʻe hui ʻana o nā hui wili. No ka laʻana, ua ulu ka SRR mai 0.18 ma kahi kihi pili 30° a i 0.81 ma 60°. ʻO kēia hoʻololi ʻana mai ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻōwili ʻia i ke kaulike ma waena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka ʻōwili ʻana i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia i nā hopena wili. Ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina he 45° ka huina hoʻopili i hana i ka ʻoi loa o ka wili ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka 60 ° contact angle i hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ua emi nui ka ʻili o ka ʻili (Ra) i ka piʻi ʻana o ka huina pili, mai 12.9 μm ma 30 ° a 3.5 μm ma 60 °, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig.2 a Fig.

2. WEL wili-i.I ka wā o ka wili ʻana, ma muli o nā hopena hoʻohui thermo-mechanical, me ke koʻikoʻi pili kiʻekiʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, a me ka hoʻoilo wikiwiki, nā hoʻololi metallurgical a me nā deformation plastic ma ka ʻili kaʻa. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau hoʻololi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi papa etching keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (WEL), i hiki ke haki ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi cyclic mai ka huila huila. ʻO nā hopena a pau e hōʻike ana he emi ka mānoanoa o ka WEL ma mua o 8 μm,ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka WEL i hoʻoikaikaʻia i ka wiliʻana (~ 40 μm) [12, 13], e like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia ma Fig.5. Pili paha kēia hanana i nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ke ʻano HSG, I hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wili hana kuʻuna, i ka HSG, hoʻokahi ʻāpana abrasive e komo i ke kaʻina wili no ka manawa pōkole wale nō i ka pōʻai hoʻololi, ʻoiai ma nā kihi pili kiʻekiʻe. No ka hapanui o ka manawa, aia ka ʻāpana abrasive i ka wā wela ma hope o ka wili ʻana. Mālama kēia i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻopau ai i ka wela ma mua o ka hana hou ʻana i ka wili ʻana, e hopena i ka maikaʻi o nā kūlana wela ma ka wili.

3. Ka wili ʻana i nā ʻōpala.ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻōpala wili i hāʻawi i nā ʻike hou aku i nā mīkini hoʻoneʻe mea, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig.6 a me Fig.7. ʻO nā ʻōpala e like me ka kahe a me ke ʻano pahi, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hana wili maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka laha ma nā SRR kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa ka poloka a me nā ʻōpala i ʻoki ʻia ma nā kihi pili haʻahaʻa, e hōʻike ana i ka pono ʻole o ka hana wili. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hele ʻana o nā ʻōpala spherical me nā ukana wili, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā mahana wili. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana wili e kaulike i ka pono a me nā kūlana wela.

4. Mechanism of sliding rolling compound motion.Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka haʻawina i ka pilina ikaika ma waena o nā neʻe heʻe a me ka ʻōwili ʻana i ke kaʻina wili, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig.8. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea i hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka ʻili o ke kaʻaahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ponoʻī. Pono kēia koena ikaika no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka wili maikaʻi me ka pōʻino wela liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i kēlā me kēia neʻe hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena suboptimal: ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻōwili ʻia e hoʻonui i ka ʻinoʻino o ka ʻili, ʻoiai ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki ke hopena i ka hōʻemi abrasive renewal a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pōʻino wela.

5. Ka loiloi piha.ʻO nā loiloi piha o ka hana wili, me ka pono o ka wili ʻana, ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili, a me ka mānoanoa WEL, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā neʻe hui pū ʻana, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig.9. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi radar o ka hana wili ʻana ma lalo o nā ukana like ʻole a me nā kihi hoʻopili e hāʻawi ana kahi kihi hoʻopili 45 ° i ke kaulike holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa o ka pono a me ka maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopuka mau ʻia ka ʻāpana pili 60° i nā ʻili ʻoluʻolu loa, i mea kūpono no nā hala wili hope. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike e hiki i nā hoʻololi i manaʻo ʻia i nā ʻāpana wili ke hoʻoponopono pono i nā pōʻino o ke kaʻaahi.

Hāʻawi kēia noiʻi i nā manaʻo kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻaahi kiʻekiʻe. No nā hala wili mua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā mea ma kahi kihi pili 45 °, a ʻo kahi kihi 60 ° e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili i ka hoʻopau ʻana. Hōʻike ka haʻawina i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā neʻe hoʻoheheʻe a me ka ʻōwili ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana wili, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe o nā huila wili.

I ka hopena, hōʻike ka haʻawina i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o nā neʻe hui ʻana o ka sliding-rolling composite i ka wili kaʻaahi kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā hana hoʻoheheʻe a me ka ʻōwili ʻana, hiki i ka HSG ke hoʻokō i ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino wela. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻike i kumu kumu no ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻenehana HSG a me nā alakaʻi kūpono no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hana mālama kaʻaahi.

Fig. 1.ʻO ke ʻano hoʻololi o SRR, COF, a me ka wikiwiki o ka huli ʻana me nā ukana wili a me nā kihi pili.

Kiʻi 2.ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka wili ma lalo o nā kihi pili like ʻole a me nā ukana wili.

Kiʻi 3.ʻO nā morphologies ili o nā mea hoʻohālike kaʻaahi ma lalo o nā kihi pili like ʻole a me nā ukana wili.

Fig. 4.ʻO ka ʻeleʻele a me3D morphologieso nā laʻana kaʻaahi ma lalo o nā kihi pili like ʻole a me nā ukana wili.

Fig. 5.ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻokiʻoki a me SEM o nā mea hoʻohālike kaʻaahi.

Kiʻi 6.ʻO ke ʻano a me ka hapa owili ʻōpalama lalo o nā kihi pili like ʻole a me nā ukana wili.

Fig. 7.Nā kiʻi SEM a me ka spectra EDS no nā ʻano ʻōpala wili.

Fig. 8.Kiʻikuhi kiʻi o ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana i ka HSG.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia hana ma ka Journal of Tribology International.

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