Xov xwm
Railway sib tsoo cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb txhim kho raws li txoj cai
Tam sim no, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws, kev ua lag luam feem ntau ntawm kev sib tsoo loj rau kev sib tsoo tshuab, kev sib tsoo high-speed passive sib tsoo tshuab thiab milling thiab sib tsoo sib tsoo tshuab. Cov nram qab no peb yam kev tsheb ciav hlau sib tsoo cov cuab yeej kev txhim kho yog cov ntsiab lus.
1.3.1 Rail nquag sib tsoo cov khoom tseem ceeb
Kev sib tsoo tshuab yog tam sim no siv ntau tshaj plaws, kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev sib tsoo, sib tsoo tsheb qauv ntau dua. Txawv teb chaws sib tsoo tsheb manufacturers yog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United StatesHARSCOthiabSTRAPtuam txhab thiab Swiss SPENO tuam txhab thiab lwm yam. Kev sib tsoo tsheb ciav hlau hauv tsev pib lig, tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, tam sim no kev sib tsoo tsheb tuam txhab lag luam feem ntau yog Golden Eagle Heavy Siv Machinery Company Limited (Golden Eagle Heavy Industry), CNR Beijing Erqi Tsheb Tuam Txhab Limited (CNR Erqi), Zhuzhou CNR Times Electric Company Limited (Times Electric), Tuam Tshoj Railway Siv High-tech Equipment Company Limited thiab lwm yam. Golden Eagle Hnyav Kev Lag Luam (GEHI) thiab CNR Erqi tau tsim nws tus kheej tsim GMC-96X thiab GMC-96B xuab zeb tsheb los ntawm kev qhia txog kev siv tshuab los ntawm HARSCO (USA) thiab SPENO (Switzerland), feem, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1 thiab daim duab 2. GMC-48JS sanding tsheb, ntawm nws tus kheej tsim los ntawm TIME20 TIME kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub Peb Hlis 2. [1].
Fig.1GMC-96X
Fig.2GMC-96B [2]
Tam sim no, cov kab feem ntau siv GMC-96X (Golden Eagle Heavy Industry), GMC-96B (Tuam Tshoj Railway Erqi), PGM-48 (HARSCO, USA) cov qauv thiab cov kab tshiab ntawm GMC-48JS qauv (Times Electric), qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev khiav hauj lwm ceev ntawm lub tsheb sib tsoo ~ 3 km / h 2. tej zaum yuav ua rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Hauv qab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ceev yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntau dhau hauv cov cheeb tsam, thiab lub zos sib tsoo cov cua sov ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau ntawm qhov ceev ceev yog nquag mus hlawv cov tsheb ciav hlau [3]; Yog hais tias qhov kev khiav hauj lwm ceev yog siab dhau lawm, lub zoo tagnrho tshem tawm efficiency yuav tsis tau guaranteed. Lub tsheb sib tsoo tsim los rau qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm gradient ntawm 30 ‰ tuaj yeem ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov kab sib tsoo tu. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee qhov ntev-gradient kab (gradient ntau dua 30 ‰), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Sichuan-Tibet Railway nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib tsoo tsheb ua haujlwm thiab cov teeb meem traction yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb.
Tab1.Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev sib tsoo tsheb ciav hlau raug[2]
| Cov qauv | GMC-96X | GMC-96B | PWM-48 | GMC-48JS |
| Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pob zeb sib tsoo | 48 ib ob | 48 ib ob | 24 ntawm txhua sab | 24 ntawm txhua sab |
| Sib tsoo ceev | 3-24 km / h | 3-15 km / h | 3-24 km / h | 2-16 km / h |
| Polishing lub cev muaj zog | 22 kWm | 18.5 kW tsi | 22 kWm | 22 kWm |
| Sib tsoo lub kaum sab xis | -70° ~ + 20° | -70° ~ + 15° | -50 ° ~ + 45 ° | -70° ~ + 25° |
| Yam tsawg kawg nkaus ua haujlwm nkhaus vojvoog | 180 m | 250 m | 180 m | 180 m |
| Qhov siab tshaj txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kev | 30 ‰ | |||
| Longitudinal khiav sib tsoo raug | Qhov siab tshaj plaws amplitude qhov tseem ceeb hauv 300 hli thiab 1000 hli yog 0.03 thiab 0.15 hli, feem. | |||
| Nto roughness ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau tom qab sib tsoo | Ra tsawg dua 10 μm; Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov paug xiav tas li los yog ntau dhau | |||
1.3.2 Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev kub ceev passive rail sib tsoo
High-speed passive sib tsoo tsheb yog tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab German VOSSLOH HSG rail sib tsoo tsheb, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo lub tsheb thiab lub tsheb auxiliary, Daim duab 3. Kev sib tsoo kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev sib tsoo, kev khiav hauj lwm ceev txog 60 ~ 80 km / h; tag nrho lub tsheb 4 pawg ntawm kev sib tsoo chav tsev tag nrho ntawm 96 sib tsoo pob zeb nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub khiav hauj lwm lub xeev thiab ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm txog 6000 rpm high-ceev kev sib hloov, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 4; Txhua pab pawg sib tsoo yog nruab nrog 2 txheej sib tsoo, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb sib tsoo tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev txwv tag nrho cov pab pawg ceev ceev, kev sib hloov tsis tu ncua, uas yog, ib qho kev sib tsoo pob zeb thauj khoom tuaj yeem sib tsoo tsis tu ncua txog 70 km [4], raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5. Thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, tus nqi ntawm kev sib tsoo pob zeb, kev sib tsoo lub sij hawm sib tsoo tiag tiag tuaj yeem saib xyuas. Tom qab kev sib tsoo, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raug sim los xyuas qhov kev sib tsoo. Lub tsheb sib tsoo kev kub ceev tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm kev sib tsoo tsheb ciav hlau kom tshem tawm cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau, vim tias lub log sib tsoo tsis muaj tsav. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ceev muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb sib tsoo. Thaum lub tsheb sib tsoo kev kub ceev ua haujlwm sib tsoo nyob rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb: nyob rau hauv lub acceleration theem ntawm kev tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, thaum lub ceev yog siab tshaj 30 km / h, lub sib tsoo ncej yog txo thiab cov kev sib tsoo pib; nyob rau hauv lub deceleration theem ntawm nkag mus rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb, thaum lub ceev yog tsawg tshaj li 15 km / h, lub sib tsoo ncej yog tsa thiab kev sib tsoo ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib haum mus rau acceleration thiab deceleration ntawm lub tsheb sanding, cov nyhuv sanding yog txo vim yog txo nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ceev; ib feem ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem sanded vim lub lifting ntawm lub sanding ncej yuav tsum tau them los ntawm turnout sanding tsheb nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm hauv qab no.
Fig.3HSG high-speed sib tsoo tsheb
Fig.4Sib tsoo unit
Fig.5Sib tsoo ncej qauv
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum dhau los, ntau lub tsev hauv tsev tau cog lus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib tsoo tsheb loj. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 18, 2021, thawj lub nroog Beijing-Shanghai kev kub ceev tsheb ciav hlau ntse ntse high-speed tsheb ciav hlau sib tsoo cov qauv kev sim qauv sib koom ua ke tsim los ntawm Southwest Jiaotong University, Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway thiab Southwest Jiaotong University Railway Development Co Ltd tau tawm ntawm cov kab ntau lawm, paub txog thawj qhov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm "zero rau ib qho". Thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, 2021, KGM-80II rail sib tsoo tsheb ntawm nws tus kheej tshawb fawb thiab tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Railway Siv High-Tech Equipment Co., Ltd. dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab tau pom zoo rau kev sim ua haujlwm [6], raws li qhia hauv daim duab 7. Kev taw qhia ntawm tus kheej-tsim high-speed tsheb ciav hlau sib tsoo tsheb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Tuam Tshoj kom paub txog kev ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom siv railway system.
Fig.6Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway ntse ceev tsheb ciav hlau sib tsoo qauv sim tsheb[5]
Fig.7KGM-80 II. Rail Rapid Sib Tsoo Tsheb [6]
1.3.3 Rail milling thiab sib tsoo composite sib tsoo cov khoom tseem ceeb
Tam sim no, kev tsheb ciav hlau milling thiab sib tsoo cov tsheb ciav hlau tau dav siv nyob rau hauv domestic thiab txawv teb chaws hnyav-load railway kab. Lub tuam txhab German GMB, nrog rau Austria lub tuam txhab LINSINGER, MFL lub tuam txhab, thiab lwm yam, yog cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab sib tsoo wagons txawv teb chaws [4,7]. Daim duab 8 rau lub tuam txhab LINSINGER lub SF03 milling thiab sib tsoo tsheb, tag nrho ntev ntawm lub tsheb 25 m, lub luj ntawm lub tsheb 120 t, nruab nrog ob peb-axle bogies, nws tus kheej-propelled ceev mus txog rau 100 km / h, lub siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm ceev ntawm 0.36 ~ 1.20 mills ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb yog nruab nrog ib tug tag nrho cov 1.20 km / h. ob txheej sib tsoo log [7,8,9]. Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev feem ntau suav nrog Tuam Tshoj Railway Times Siv Machinery Co. nyob rau hauv Baoji thiab Tuam Tshoj Railway Siv High-Tech Equipment Co. Daim duab 9 qhia XM-1800 milling thiab sib tsoo tsheb tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Railway Siv High-Tech Equipment Corporation, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, kev sib tsoo yooj yim, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab tsawg dua qhov sib tsoo ntawm qhov profile tshwj xeeb 1 trimming. Table 2 piv cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm SF03 milling thiab sib tsoo tsheb thiab XM-1800 milling thiab sib tsoo tsheb, uas qhia tau hais tias XM-1800 milling thiab sib tsoo tsheb tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb tau mus txog lub ntiaj teb no advanced technical theem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm efficiency thiab ua hauj lwm precision.
Fig.8SF03 milling tsheb
Fig.9 XM-1800 Milling Car[10]
Tab.2 Kev sib piv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm SF03 thiab XM-1800 rail miling tsheb ciav hlau
| Cov qauv | SFO3 milling tsheb | XM-1800 milling tsheb |
| ua homework tob | Rail nto 0.3 ~ 1.5 hli; Lub kaum ntse ntse yog qhov loj tshaj 5.0 hli | Rail nto 0.3 ~ 1.5 hli; Lub kaum sab xis ntsuas yog qhov loj tshaj 5.0 hli |
| Hla-sectional profile raug | ± 0.2 hli | ± 0.2 hli |
| Longitudinal Tsis du precision | ± 0.1 hli | ± 0.02mm (Corrugated rubbing 10 |
| Rail nto roughness | 3 ~ 5 m | ≤ 6 µm |
1.3.4 Kev sib piv ntawm lub ntsiab rail sib tsoo cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo
Active sib tsoo, high-speed passive sib tsoo thiab milling thiab sib tsoo composite sib tsoo peb raug rail sib tsoo cov cuab yeej kev sib piv, xws li Table 3. active sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv tshem tawm, sib tsoo lub teeb siv lub hnab ntawv contour yog qhov zoo, ceev khiav ceev, yog tam sim no qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam ntawm lub lag luam. Rau kev sib tsoo nquag, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib tsoo tsheb ciav hlau kub hnyiab, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tom qab sib tsoo. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev sib tsoo tsis muaj [11,3,12], kev sib tsoo log qauv [13] tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub hnyiab tau zoo, ntawm qhov kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab sib tsoo lub log yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
High-speed passive sib tsoo kev khiav hauj lwm ceev, theoretically yuav intermodal nrog cov neeg nrog caij / tsheb, tsis tas yuav tsum tau rau "sunroof", tsis cuam tshuam rau ib txwm txoj kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, high-speed passive sib tsoo raws li txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo lub tswv yim npaj kom txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nrog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, kev sib tsoo high-speed muaj kev sib tw tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Kev pabcuam hauv kev kub ceev, siab load, muaj zog vibration thiab lwm yam hnyav, thaum ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau tias lub log sib tsoo muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev (lub zog / tawv), kev pabcuam kev ua haujlwm (txiav kev ua haujlwm, hnav tsis kam, thiab lwm yam) yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb yav tom ntej.
Composite sib tsoo muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm efficiency, contour finishing, nto zoo, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev khiav hauj lwm ceev yog qeeb, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, lub sij hawm sib tsoo tsis tshua muaj compressed, kev sib tsoo kev ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nce, kev sib koom tes ntawm yav tom ntej kab muaj peev xwm thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm sib tsoo yuav yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev mloog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev txhim kho kev tsheb nqaj hlau sib tsoo kom tiv taus cov kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab cov cuab yeej hnav-resistant carbide kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
Tab.3Kev sib piv ntawm peb hom kev tsheb ciav hlau sib tsoo khoom siv
| Nta | Active Sib tsoo[2,14,15] | High-speed passive sib tsoo[16,15,14] | Milling compound sib tsoo[18,7,9] |
| Siv tau hom | Pre-sanding, tiv thaiv sanding, restorative sanding | Tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo | Restorative xuab zeb |
| Kev ceev ntawm kev ua haujlwm | 3-24 km / h | 60-80 km / h | 0.36 ~ 1.20 km / teev |
| Tus nqi sib tsoo | Qhov siab tshaj plaws ib zaug yog kwv yees li 0.2 hli | Txog li ntawm 0.1 hli mus txog 3 zaug | Qhov siab tshaj plaws 5 hli ntawm qhov ntsuas lub kaum sab xis Txog li 3 hli nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau |
| Nto roughness (Ra) | Tsawg dua 10 μm | Tsawg dua 9 m | 3 ~ 5 m |
| Polishing qhov kev ntxhib los mos | Parallel sib tsoo cov cim, roughly perpendicular mus rau longitudinal kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau | Lub interwoven mesh kev ntxhib los mos yog nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 ° rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau | Qhov saum npoo tiav yog siab |
| Txoj haujlwm "Skylight" | Yuav tsum tau | Tsis tas yuav | Yuav tsum tau |
| Silhouette kho | Lub silhouette yog zoo ntim | Lub silhouette tsis tuaj yeem kho | Rail profiles tuaj yeem kho qhov tseeb |
| Ib feem ntawm cons | yooj yim rau hlawv rails; Tom qab sib tsoo, qhov saum npoo ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim ib txheej dawb, uas ua rau "ua ntej qaug zog" ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. | Cov kab mob loj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau tsis tuaj yeem kho | Cov ncej yog hnyav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ceev yog tsawg |
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