Wararka
01
Dabeecada oksidaynta ee biraha inta lagu jiro habka wax shiididda
2024-12-25
Inta lagu guda jiro isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya abrasives iyo biraha, qallafsanaanta caaga ah ee biraha waxay dhalisaa kuleyl, iyo khilaafka u dhexeeya abrasives iyo alaabta tareenada waxay sidoo kale dhalisaa kulaylka. Shiida biraha birta waxaa lagu fuliyaa jawi dabiici ah, iyo inta lagu guda jiro habka shiidada, alaabta birta birta si lama huraan ah oksida hoostiisa kulaylka shiidi. Waxa jira xidhiidh dhow oo u dhexeeya oksaydhka dusha sare ee birta birta iyo gubashada birta. Sidaa darteed, waa lagama maarmaan in la barto habdhaqanka oksaydhka ee dusha tareenka inta lagu jiro habka wax lagu shiidayo.
Waxaa la soo sheegay in saddex nooc oo dhagxaan wax lagu shiidi karo oo leh awood cadaadis leh la diyaariyey, kuwaas oo leh 68.90 MPa, 95.2 MPa, iyo 122.7 MPa, siday u kala horreeyaan. Marka loo eego nidaamka xoogga dhagxaanta, GS-10, GS-12.5, iyo GS-15 ayaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u matalaan saddexdan kooxood ee dhagxaanta wax lagu shiidi karo. Wixii muunado birta birta dhulka by saddex qaybood oo dhagax shiidi GS-10, GS-12.5, iyo GS-15, siday u kala horreeyaan waxaa matalaya RGS-10, RGS-12.5, iyo RGS-15. Samee tijaabooyinka shiididda xaaladaha shiididda ee 700 N, 600 rpm, iyo 30 ilbiriqsi. Si loo helo natiijooyin tijaabo ah oo dareen leh, dhagaxa wax shiidiya ee xadiidka wuxuu qaataa habka xiriirinta saxanka pin. Falanqee habdhaqanka oksaydhaynta ee dusha tareenka ka dib markaad shiido.
Qaab-dhismeedka dusha sare ee birta birta dhulka ayaa la arkay oo la falanqeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo SM iyo SEM, sida ku cad Fig.1. Natiijooyinka SM ee dusha tareenka dhulka ayaa muujinaya in marka xoogga dhagaxa wax lagu shiidaa uu kordho, midabka dusha tareenka dhulka ayaa ka beddelaya buluug iyo bunni huruud ah una beddelaya midabka asalka ah ee tareenka. Daraasadda uu sameeyay Lin et al. waxay muujisay in marka heerkulka wax lagu shiido uu ka hooseeyo 471 ℃, dusha tareenku u muuqdo midab caadi ah. Marka heerkulka wax lagu shiido uu u dhexeeyo 471-600 ℃, tareenku wuxuu muujinayaa gubasho huruud ah oo fudud, halka marka heerkulka wax lagu shiidi karo uu u dhaxeeyo 600-735 ℃, dusha sare ee tareenka ayaa muujinaya gubasho buluug ah. Sidaa darteed, iyadoo lagu saleynayo midabka isbeddelka ee dusha tareenka dhulka, waxaa la qiyaasi karaa in marka xoogga dhagaxa wax lagu shiido hoos u dhaco, heerkulka wax lagu shiidi karo si tartiib tartiib ah u kordho heerka gubashada tareenka ayaa kor u kacda. EDS waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu falanqeeyo halabuurka aasaasiga ah ee dusha birta birta dhulka iyo dusha hoose ee qashinka. Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in kororka xoogga dhagax shiidi, content ee element O on dusha tareenka hoos u dhacay, taasoo muujinaysa hoos u xidhka Fe iyo O on dusha tareenka, iyo hoos u dhac in heerka oksaydhka ee tareenka, waafaqsan isbeddelka midabka ee dusha sare ee tareenka. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxa ku jira curiyaha O ee dusha hoose ee qashinka qashinka ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacaya kororka xoogga dhagxaanta. Waxaa habboon in la ogaado in dusha sare ee birta birta ah ee dhagaxa isku midka ah iyo dusha hoose ee qashinka qashinka, nuxurka O element ee dusha sare ee dambe ayaa ka sarreeya kii hore. Inta lagu jiro samaynta qashinka, qallafsanaanta balaastiiggu waxay dhacdaa oo kuleyl ayaa soo baxa sababtoo ah isku-buufinta abrasives; Inta lagu jiro habka qashinka qashinka, dusha hoose ee qashinka ayaa ku xoqaya dusha sare ee hore ee xoqidda waxayna dhalisaa kuleyl. Sidaa darteed, saamaynta isku dhafan ee burburka burburka iyo kulaylka qulqulaya waxay keenaysaa heer sare oo oksaydh ah oo ku yaal dusha hoose ee qashinka, taas oo keeneysa maaddo sare oo O element ah.
(a) Awood hoose oo shiida oogada tareenka birta dhulka dhagaxa ah (RGS-10)
(b) Dusha dhulka birta birta oo dhagax shiidi xoog dhexdhexaad ah (RGS-12.5)
(c) Awood sare oo shiididda dhagaxa birta dhulka dusha sare ee tareenka (RGS-15)
Jaantuska 1. Qaab-dhismeedka dusha sare, qaab-dhismeedka burburka, iyo falanqaynta EDS ee birta birta ka dib marka lagu shiido dhagaxyada kala duwan
Si loo sii baaro alaabada oksaydhka ee dusha birta birta ah iyo kala duwanaanshaha alaabada oksaydhaynta ee leh heerka gubashada dusha tareenka, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu ogaado xaalada kiimikaad ee canaasiirta lakabka u dhow ee birta dhulka. Natiijooyinka waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka.2. Natiijooyinka falanqaynta spectrum buuxa ee dusha tareenka ka dib markii lagu shiido xoojinta kala duwan ee dhagaxyada shiida (Jaantus.2 (a)) waxay muujinaysaa in ay jiraan C1s, O1s, iyo Fe2p ugu sarreeya ee dusha tareenka dhulka, iyo boqolkiiba O atomyada waxay hoos u dhigtaa heerka gubashada ee dusha tareenka, taas oo la socota qaabka natiijooyinka falanqaynta EDS ee dusha tareenka. Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in XPS ay ogaato dawladaha aasaasiga ah ee u dhow lakabka sare (qiyaastii 5 nm) ee walaxda, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho gaar ah oo ku saabsan noocyada iyo waxa ku jira walxaha ay ogaatay XPS oo buuxa marka loo eego substrate birta. C1s ugu sarreeya (284.6 eV) ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu qiyaaso tamarta isku xidhka ee walxaha kale. Alaabada oksaydheynta ugu weyn ee dusha birta birta ah waa Fe oxide, sidaa darteed spectrum cidhiidhi ah ee Fe2p si faahfaahsan ayaa loo falanqeeyay. Jaantuska.2 (b) ilaa (d) waxay muujinayaan falanqaynta cidhiidhiga ah ee Fe2p ee dusha sare ee birta birta RGS-10, RGS-12.5, iyo RGS-15, siday u kala horreeyaan. Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan inay jiraan laba tamar oo isku xidhan oo ah 710.1 eV iyo 712.4 eV, oo loo aanaynayo Fe2p3/2; Waxa jira tamar isku xidhan oo ah Fe2p1/2 at 723.7 eV iyo 726.1 eV. Satellite-ka ugu sarreeya ee Fe2p3/2 waa 718.2 eV. Labada ugu sarreeya ee 710.1 eV iyo 723.7 eV ayaa laga yaabaa in loo nisbeeyo tamarta isku xidhka ee Fe-O ee Fe2O3, halka ugu sarreeya ee 712.4 eV iyo 726.1 eV laga yaabo in loo nisbeeyo tamarta isku xidhan ee Fe-O ee FeO. Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in Fe3O4 Fe2O3. Dhanka kale, wax gorfayn ah lagama helin 706.8 eV, taasoo muujinaysa maqnaanshaha elemental Fe ee dusha tareenka dhulka.
(a) Falanqaynta spectrum buuxda
(b) RGS-10 (buluug)
(c) RGS-12.5 ( huruud khafiif ah)
(d) RGS-15 (midabka asalka ah ee xadiidka birta)
Jaantuska.2. Falanqaynta XPS ee sagxadaha tareenka ee leh heerar kala duwan oo gubasho ah
Boqolkiiba aagga ugu sarreeya ee Fe2p spectrum cidhiidhi ah ayaa muujinaya in laga bilaabo RGS-10, RGS-12.5 ilaa RGS-15, aagga ugu sarreeya ee boqolkiiba Fe2+2p3/2 iyo Fe2+2p1/2 ayaa kordhay, halka boqolkiiba aagga ugu sarreeya ee Fe3+2p3/2 iyo Fe3+2p1/2 ay hoos u dhacayaan. Tani waxay muujinaysaa in heerka gubashada dusha sare ee tareenka uu hoos u dhaco, waxa ku jira Fe2+ ee alaabta oksaydhka dusha sare ayaa kordhaysa, halka Fe3 + nuxurku hoos u dhaco. Qaybaha kala duwan ee alaabooyinka oksaydhisku waxay keenaan midabyo kala duwan ee tareenka dhulka. Heerka sare ee gubashada dusha sare (buluug), ayaa ka sii sarreeya maadada Fe2O3 ee oksaydhka; Heerka hoose ee gubashada dusha sare, ayaa sii kordheysa nuxurka alaabta FeO.