Indlela Yokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwetshe Lokugaya

Indlela Yokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwetshe Lokugaya

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu senqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwamatshe okugaya sisekuhlolweni nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwawo (okuhlanganisa usayizi nokunemba, ibhalansi eguquguqukayo/emile, amandla ajikelezayo, amandla okuthwala umthwalo, ukusebenza kokugaya, njll.), ngaleyo ndlela kuqondise umklamo olungiselelwe wokubunjwa kwawo, inqubo, nokwakheka kwawo. Phakathi kwalezi zici, ukusebenza kokugaya kwetshe lokugaya kusebenza njengokumelela okuphathekayo kokusebenza kahle kwalo, okuthola ukunakwa okubalulekile kubacwaningi. Njengamanje, imishini yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwetshe lokugaya ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziyisithupha ngokusekelwe kumehluko wamafomu esenzo esihlobene phakathi kwetshe lokugaya kanye nomzila wesitimela: 1) uhlobo lomshini wokugaya wendabuko; 2) uhlobo lwesitimela esimisiwe; 3) uhlobo lokuphakelayo kwesitimela; 4) ujantshi oyindilinga uhlobo lokuphakelayo oluvundlile; I-5) isitendi sokugaya ujantshi wejubane eliphezulu; kanye 6) nomugqa wokuhlola wokugaya ujantshi wangempela.

(1) Uhlobo Lwesigayo Esivamile. Uhlmann et al. [1] iphenye umthelela wamapharamitha wokugaya kukhwalithi engaphezulu (ukuqina, ukuhwalala, ukujiya kongqimba olumhlophe) wezinsimbi kusetshenziswa umshini wokugaya ongaphezulu ovezwe kuMfanekiso 1. Wu et al. [2] kuqinisekiswe ukuthi itshe lokugaya elinezimbotshana lithuthukisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yesitimela ngemva kokugaya kusetshenziswa idivayisi efanayo. Lolu hlobo lomhloli wokugaya lubonakala ngesivinini esikhulu somugqa wamatshe wokugaya (kufika ku-30-50 m/s) kodwa izinga lokuphakela eliphansi (8-16 m/min) [2]; kanyekanye, ingcindezi yokugaya ayilungiseki. Ngakho-ke, lo mhloli akakwazi ukulingisa imisebenzi yokugaya ujantshi futhi anganikeza kuphela ireferensi yokutadisha ukuziphatha kwesondo lokugaya.

Fig.1Umshini wokuhlola umshini wokugaya ongaphezulu[1]

(2) Uhlobo Lwesitimela Esivimbayo. Ngokusekelwe endleleni yokusebenza yasensimini yamatshe okugaya ukuze kugaywe ujantshi, izazi eziningi zaxhuma injini etsheni lokugaya futhi zasebenzisa isiphetho setshe lokugaya ukuze zigaye ucezu lwesitimela. Kanematsu et al. [3] iqinisekise ukusebenza kokugaya kwamatshe okugaya ahlukahlukene kusetshenziswa umhloli wokugaya ujantshi oboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Gu et al. [4] ulungise umhloli wokugaya ngesakhiwo esifanayo kusetshenziswa umhloli wokuhlola ukungqubuzana ukuze kufundwe ukusebenza kokugaya kwamatshe anosayizi abahlukene wokusanhlamvu abrasive. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokuhlola lungalingisa kangcono isivinini sokujikeleza kwetshe lokugaya, ukucindezela kokugaya, nezinye izinhlaka kodwa alukwazi ukufeza ukunyakaza kokuphakelayo kokugaya. Ukugaya isikhathi eside kwendawo kaloliwe wendawo kuzokhuphula izinga lokushisa elibonakalayo ngenxa yokushisa kokugaya, okuholela ekulimazeni ukusebenza kwamatshe okugaya ahlanganiswe ne-resin emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuncipha kwamandla okubamba abrasive. Ukwengeza, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa lokugaya, ujantshi ujwayele ukuvutha. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhlola yalolu hlobo lomshini wokuhlola kufanele icabange ngokugcwele ukuphazanyiswa kokushisa kokugaya emiphumeleni yokuhlola.

Fig.2Isihloli Sokugaya Esigxilile Vimba Ujantshi[3]

(3) Uhlobo Lwesiphakeli Somzila Wesitimela. Ukubhekana nenkinga yokondla ujantshi emshinini wokuhlola wokugaya ujantshi weGu et al. [4], u-Zhou Kun [80] wasebenzisa i-rack kanye ne-pinion ukushayela ama-bar rails, okwenza unidirectional, ukuphakela kwesitimela esiqondile kusuka ku-1.6 kuya ku-4.0 km / h, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Umshini wokuhlola wawusetshenziselwa ukutadisha imingcele yokugaya ehlukene (ingcindezi yokugaya [5], isondo lokugaya [76]. U-Huang Guigang [8] ulungise isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-BM2015 gantry planer ukuze kuthuthukiswe isihloli sokugaya esime mpo sikajantshi, esivezwe kuMfanekiso 4. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswe ku-60 kg/m gauge ujantshi esizeni, ngesivinini sokuphakela esilingisiwe esingu-0.3~4.5 km/h, futhi singafinyelela ukugaya kwe-engeli engu-±50. Imishini iqinisekise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokugaya kwesondo lokugaya le-CBN elithuthukisiwe. Isivinini sokusebenza kokugaya ujantshi sisuka ku-3~24 km/h, kuyilapho isivinini esifaniswe yilolu hlobo lwemishini yokugaya ujantshi siphansi, sikhawulela umthamo waso wokuhlola.

Fig.3Isihloli Sokugaya Okuphakelayo Kwesitimela Esivundlile[5,6,7]

Fig.4Isihloli Sokugaya Okuphakelayo Kwesitimela Esiqondile[8]

(4) Uhlobo Lwesiphakeli Sokujikeleza Kwesitimela Esiyindilinga. I-Chinese Academy of Railway Sciences [9], i-Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics [10,11], kanye no-Kuffa et al. yaseSwitzerland [12] ibike umhloli oyindilinga wesitimela ovundlile we-rotary feed, oboniswe ku-Figure 5. Kulo mhloli, ama-rails afakwe ku-disc futhi ahlelwe ngokuvundlile; idiski yesitimela ingajikeleza ngokuvundlile ngaphansi kwesenzo sendlela yokushayela ukuze ilingise isivinini sokuphakelayo semoto yokugaya. Imishini eklanywe i-Chinese Academy of Railway Sciences inobubanzi bediski likaloliwe obungaba ngu-1.6 m, ububanzi bebhande lokugaya bungu-10 mm, kanye nesivinini esikhulu sokugaya esingu-10.8 km/h [9]. Ngokusekelwe kumphumela wokugaya walesi sisetshenziswa sokuhlola, sinikeza ukusekelwa kwedatha yokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zoku-oda zamasondo okugaya asebenzayo [9,13,14]. Lolu hlobo lwemishini lwaziwa kakhulu emkhakheni wokugaya ujantshi osebenzayo.

Fig.5Isihloli Sokugaya Umzila Wesitimela Ovundlile[19]

(5) Umhloli Wokugaya Umzila Wesitimela Esisheshayo. Ithimba lika-Wang Hengyu e-Southwest Jiaotong University [15,16] liklame isihloli sokugaya esinesivinini esiphezulu esikwazi ukulingisa isivinini esikhulu sokugaya esingafika ku-60~80 km/h, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Ukwengeza, ithimba likaSolwazi Zou Wenjun e-Henan University of Technology laklama i-rail encane18 (Umfanekiso we-7), lapho i-disc yesondo lesitimela ihlelwe ngokuqondile, futhi imishini ingalungisa umfutho wetshe lokugaya kanye nokucindezela kokugaya. Ububanzi bangaphandle besitimela bungu-150 mm, futhi ukucaciswa kwetshe lokugaya kungu-Φ80×10×10 mm, okwazi ukulingisa isivinini sokugaya endaweni engu-60~80 km/h kanye nezingcindezi zokugaya ezingu-1200 ~ 3200 N. Ingcindezi yokugaya yetshe lokugaya ingalungiswa ngesivinini esingu-6/8 ukuya phezulu kwe-0 ~ 8 km ukucindezela okukhulu kokugaya okungu-3200 N. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokuhlola ludlala indima ebalulekile yokuqondisa ekuthuthukisweni kwamatshe okugaya ngesivinini esikhulu.

Fig.6Ibhentshi lokugaya elinesivinini esiphezulu[13]

Fig.7Ibhentshi lokuhlola lokunciphisa ukugaya ngesivinini esiphezulu[16]

(6) I-Real Rail Grinding Test Line. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, i-Golden Eagle Heavy Industry iqale ukuthuthukiswa kanye nomklamo omusha wezimoto zokugaya ujantshi wesivinini esiphezulu futhi yasungula isizinda sokuhlola ukugaya ujantshi eYujiahu, eDolobheni laseXiangyang, esifundazweni saseHubei. Umfanekiso 8 ubonisa imoto yokugaya ujantshi enesivinini esikhulu, engakwazi ukuhlonywa amasondo okugaya angu-24 (angu-12 ohlangothini ngalunye), esebenza ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-60 km/h [15]. Izimo zokusebenza kwemoto nezindlela zingaqondana ngokugcwele nalezo zokugaya ujantshi wesivinini esikhulu, okuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kokusika kwetshe lokugaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imoto ifakwe amatshe amaningi okugaya, okuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kokuzinza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza itshe lokugaya. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesimo sokusungula isistimu yokuhlola ebanzi, ukuhlolwa okuzayo nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwesondo lokugaya ngale moto yokugaya kubambe inani eligunyaziwe lokuqondisa.

Fig.8Umugqa wokuhlola ukugaya imoto yangempela[13]

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